Arctic

23 entries covering Arctic.

Roofing Materials

• Sod RoofA traditional Scandinavian roof of turf laid over layers of birch bark on gently sloping boards; the forerunner of modern green roofs.

Roof Components

• Snow Guards and Snow RetentionSnow guards are devices fixed to a roof to hold or break up snow and ice so it does not slide off in dangerous slabs; they are especially common on metal roofs.

Installation & Methods

• Cold Weather RoofingCold weather roofing covers the extra precautions needed below normal application temperatures, from warming materials to hand-sealing shingles.

History of Roofing

• Scandinavian Sod RoofsTurf laid over layers of birch bark, the traditional roof of rural Norway and much of Scandinavia from prehistory until the 18th-19th centuries.

Roofing Around the World

• Aspen Ploughshare Shingles (Lemekh)Carved aspen shingles, called lemekh or 'ploughshares', that clad the domes, barrels and tent roofs of wooden churches in the Russian North, as at Kizhi.
• Birch-Bark RoofingLayers of birch bark used as a waterproof roof membrane under turf, poles or wooden shingles in Scandinavia, Finland, Russia and the Baltic region.
• Icelandic Turf HouseTraditional Icelandic building of turf blocks over a timber frame on a stone base, with a turf-covered roof; on Iceland's UNESCO Tentative List.
• QarmaqInuit transitional-season house with low walls of snow, stone or sod, a whalebone frame and a roof of skins or canvas, used into the 1950s.
• Roofing in CanadaCanadian roofing: Inuit snow and sod houses, bark longhouses, cedar plank houses and Norse turf; today asphalt shingles and metal under the National Building Code.
• Roofing in FinlandFinnish roofing: birch-bark pole roofs, tarred shingles on wooden churches, Iron Age tar-making, and today's steel sheet roofs built for snow and frost.
• Roofing in GreenlandGreenlandic roofing: Inuit winter houses of stone, turf and whalebone, Norse stone-and-turf farms, imported Danish timber houses and today's prefabricated buildings.
• Roofing in IcelandIcelandic roofing: a thousand years of turf over driftwood frames, then painted corrugated iron and concrete, built for wind, rain, freeze-thaw and earthquakes.
• Roofing in NorwayNorwegian roofing: birch-bark and turf roofs, tarred stave-church shingles, phyllite slate and today's tile, steel and membranes, built for snow, rain and wind.
• Roofing in RussiaRussian roofing: timber tent roofs, onion domes clad in aspen shingles, painted sheet iron, Soviet asbestos slate and flat panel-block roofs, and today's metal tile.
• Roofing in ScandinaviaOverview of roofing in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland: turf and timber traditions, clay and concrete tiles, sheet metal and designs for snow.
• Roofing in SwedenSwedish roofing: turf and birch bark, tarred pine shingles on churches, Stockholm tar, and today's concrete tiles, steel sheet and felt, designed for snow.
• Roofing in the Arctic and GreenlandOverview of roofing in Greenland and the Arctic: turf and timber traditions, metal and membrane roofs today, designed for snow, wind, cold and ice.
• Torvtak (Scandinavian Turf Roof)Traditional Norwegian and Scandinavian roof of birch bark covered with layers of turf, still used on cabins and heritage buildings.

Climate, Hazards & Sustainability

• Attic CondensationMoisture that condenses on the underside of a roof deck or framing, usually from warm indoor air leaking into a cold attic.
• Freeze-Thaw DamageCracking, spalling and flaking of porous roofing materials caused by water freezing and thawing repeatedly inside pores and cracks.
• Ice DamA ridge of ice that forms at the eaves of a snow-covered roof and traps meltwater, which can then back up under the roofing and leak.
• Snow LoadThe weight of accumulated snow and ice that a roof must be designed to carry, derived from local ground snow data and roof shape.
• Snow Sliding and Snow GuardsThe sudden release of snow and ice from a sloped roof, and the guards and rails installed to break it up and hold it in place.